2^nd European Otolaryngology-ENT Surgery Conference October 16-18, 2017 Rome, Italy

It is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papilloma, and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes.

Otology is a branch of science which studies pathological anatomy and physiology of the ear (hearing and vestibular sensory systems and related structures and functions) their diseases, diagnosis and treatment. Otologic surgery generally unite surgery of the middle ear and mastoid related to chronic otitis media, such as ear drum surgery, ossiculoplasty, tympanoplasty, or  surgery of the hearing bones, and mastoidectomy. Otology also includes surgical treatment such as stapedectomy surgery for otosclerosis, conductive hearing loss, Neurotology, is the study of diseases of the inner ear is a related field of medicine and subspecialty of Otolaryngology, which can lead to hearing loss and balance disorders. including labyrinthectomy, cochlear implant surgery, and surgery for tumors of the temporal bone, such as intracanlicular acoustic neuromas. Neurotology is expanded to include surgery of the lateral skull base to treat intracranial tumors related to the ear and surrounding nerve and vascular structures, such as, glomus jugulare tumors, large cerebellar pontine angle acoustic neuromas and facial nerve tumors.

​ Phoniatry  main  focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders, laryngeal dysfunctions, swallowing disorders difficulties, dysfluent and unclear speech and specific language impairment, and the consequent difficulties in communicating and learning. Phoniatry include  patient groups include adults with voice disturbances and children with speech and language disorders. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep. In the most common form this follows loud snoring. There may be a choking or snorting sound as breathing resumes. As it disrupts normal sleep, those affected are often sleepy or tired during the day. In children it may cause problems in school or hyperactivity. There are three forms of sleep apnea, obstructive (OSA), central (CSA), and a combination of the two. OSA is the most common form. Risk factors for OSA include being overweight, a family history of the condition, allergies, and enlarged tonsils. In OSA, breathing is interrupted by a blockage of airflow, while in CSA breathing stops due to a lack of effort to breathe. People with sleep apnea are often not aware they have it. Often it is picked up by a family member. Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep study. 

Cancers of the mouth (lip and tongue), larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), salivary glands, and nose/nasal passages are generally known as head and neck cancer and study of this is known as oncology. These cancers typically form in the squamous cells, which are the cells lining the moistened, mucosal locations of the head and neck, such as the nose, mouth and throat. Such squamous cell cancers are usually termed, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. Head and Neck Oncology  encompasses all aspects of clinical practice, basic and translational research on the aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, assessment, management, follow-up and prognosis of patients with head and neck tumors and carotid body tumor. The Head and Neck Surgery track will provides the details of advanced diagnostic testing and leading-edge medical and surgical treatment for the full scope of head and neck conditions. Head and neck cancer is strongly associated with certain environmental and lifestyle risk factors, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, UV light, particular chemicals used in certain workplaces, and certain strains of viruses, such as human papillomavirus. These cancers are frequently aggressive in their biologic behavior; patients with these types of cancer are at a higher risk of developing another cancer in the head and neck area. Head and neck cancer is highly curable if detected early, usually through surgery, but radiation therapy may also play an important role, while chemotherapy is often ineffective. This track discusses about Squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Epidemiology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer viruses, Carotid body tumor and HNS Oncology.

Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process. There are 3 types of Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), mixed hearing loss. This track will discuss the detail study of causes and treatment of deafness and hearing loss such as Sudden deafness and permanent hearloss, Deaf-Blindness, Stapedectomy, Otological transplants and implants and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).

The human ear is divided into four main sections: the external ear, the middle ear, the inner ear, and the hearing processing centers of the brain. All four parts work together to conduct sounds from outside the head to the brain and to process it. These tracks will go through the function and disorder of the hearing system of middle and inner ear. A variety of conditions may result in the disorder of middle and inner ear. Ear infections are the most common illness in infants and young children. The other type of disease is called Tinnitus, a roaring in your ears, can be the result of loud noises, medicines or a variety of other causes. Meniere's disease may be the result of fluid problems in your inner ear; its symptoms include tinnitus and dizziness. Some ear disorders can result in hearing disorders and deafness. An ear disease is most often a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Ear infections frequently are painful because of inflammation and buildup of fluids in the middle ear. Because ear infections often clear up on their own, treatment may begin with managing pain and monitoring the problem. Ear infection in infants and severe cases in general often require antibiotic medications. Long-term problems related to ear infections — persistent fluids in the middle ear, persistent infections or frequent infections — can cause hearing problems and other serious. In this tracks we go through issue related to middle and inner ear. Some of the topics are: Cholesteatoma, Otosclerosis, Vestibular neuronitis, Temporal bone imaging and Acoustic neuroma.

With recent advances in technology, including the nasal endoscope, nose or sinus surgery is now commonly performed entirely through the nose, without face or mouth incisions. Today, endoscopic sinus surgery is typically done with minimal nasal packing, mild pain, and short recovery times. Surgical Approaches for Nasal Disorders track discusses topics like Surgical navigation and Intraoperative Imaging, Endoscopic applications in orbital Surgery, Somnoplasty, septoplasty, Ossicular chain reconstruction and Management of superior canal dehiscence.

Neurotology is a branch of otology concerned with those parts of the nervous system related to the ear, especially the inner ear and associated brainstem structures also called otoneurology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders.  In this section we will discuss about Vestibular neuronitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Hearing loss and deafness, Labyrinthectomy, Vertigo, Perforated eardrum & Neuro Otolaryngology.

The Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery track concentrate on the treatment of patients who have procured, innate and present malignancy abnormalities on the face and neck. Systems extend from negligibly obtrusive strategies to cutting edge operations, The Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery track focus on the treatment of patients who have acquired, congenital and post-cancer irregularities to the face and neck. The goal is to restore natural form and function and enable patients to live as close to normal lives as possible. Techniques range from minimally invasive procedures to advanced operations, using tissue modifications, microvascular free tissue transfer, bone replacement and dynamic facial flaps. Our surgeons can restore movement to paralyzed faces, return skin color and contour to patients with deformities and optimize critical functions such as speech, swallowing and breathing. Some of the topics to be discussed are: Rhinoplasty, Septoplasty, Otoplasty, Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage, Basal Cell Carcinoma and Rhinology Surgery.

Anatomical and Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a days.

Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. Normally, sinuses are filled with air, but when sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection. Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include the common cold, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum. In children, common environmental factors that contribute to sinusitis include allergies, illness from other children at day care or school, pacifiers, bottle drinking while lying on one's back, and smoke in the environment. In this tracks we will come across topics such as Acute sinusitis, Antimicrobial resistance profiles of ocular and nasal flora, Sinus headaches- Causes and treatment & Pediatric sinusitis

Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process. There are 3 types of Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), mixed hearing loss. This track will discuss the detail study of causes and treatment of deafness and hearing loss such as Sudden deafness and permanent hearloss, Deaf-Blindness, Stapedectomy, Otological transplants and implants and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).  Surgical part of this track will focus on topics Tympanostomy and tympanoplasty, Assistive communication devices- Cochlear Implants, Tinnitus retraining therapy, Treatment of natural sinus ostium.

A general ENT physicians treat infections involving the ears, nose, throat, sinuses, and skin of the head and neck; congenital, inflammatory, and other problems, such as dizziness, hearing loss, changes in taste or smell, or swallowing and voice problems; sinus disease; trauma and injuries to head and neck structures; and breathing problems of the nose, larynx (voicebox), or trachea (windpipe); and snoring and sleep disorders.

Acute pain may occur due to trauma, surgery, infection, disruption of blood circulation, or many other conditions in which tissue injury occurs. In a medical setting, pain alleviation is desired when its warning function is no longer needed. Besides improving patient comfort, pain therapy can also reduce harmful physiological consequences of untreated pain. Children account for approximately one-third of all patients undergoing ear, nose and throat  (ENT) surgery. Procedures range from simple day-case operations, such as myringotomy, to complex airway reconstruction surgery undertaken in specialist centres. This track describes the anaesthetic management of some of the commonly performed paediatric ENT procedures, including adenotonsillectomy, oesophagoscopy, and middle ear surgery. ENT operations, head and neck surgery (infiltration anesthesia, field blocks, or peripheral nerve blocks, plexus anesthesia)

Pediatrics Otolaryngology deals with children having common illnesses such as tonsillitis, sinusitis and ear infections (otitis media) using the latest guidelines for medical treatment and the most advanced techniques for surgical treatment. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngological disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for individuals, families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. Speech-language pathologists work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders in children and adults.

Otolaryngology is  a surgical subspecialty in medical terms that  deals with Conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related structures of the head and neck. Specialists who represent considerable authority around there are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, ENT specialists or head and neck specialists. Patients look for treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for infections of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, and for the surgical administration of diseases and benevolent tumors of the head and neck.. physicians trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patients with diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and related structures of the head and neck. They are commonly referred to as ENT physicians.