Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders

Neurotology is a branch of otology concerned with those parts of the nervous system related to the ear, especially the inner ear and associated brainstem structures also called Otoneurology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders.  In this section we will discuss about Vestibular neuronitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Hearing loss and deafness, Labyrinthectomy, Vertigo, Perforated eardrum & Neuro Otolaryngology.

Pediatrics ENT deals with children having common illnesses such as tonsillitis, sinusitis and ear infections (otitis media) using the latest guidelines for medical treatment and the most advanced techniques for surgical treatment. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngology disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes.

An ear disorder is frequently a bacterial or viral disease that influences the center of the ear, the air-filled space behind the Eardrum that contains the modest vibrating bones of the ear. Kids are more probable than grown-ups to get ear contaminations. Ear contaminations every now and again are difficult in view of aggravation and development of liquids in the center ear. Since ear contaminations regularly clear up without anyone else, treatment may start with overseeing torment and observing the issue. Ear contamination in babies and extreme cases by and large frequently require anti-toxin drugs. Long haul issues identified with ear diseases — tireless liquids in the center ear, determined contaminations or continuous contaminations — can cause hearing issues and different genuine intricacies. In this tracks we rehearse a part of the issue related to ear issue and treatment, for instance, extraordinary outside Otits, Prechondritis pinna-Cauliflower ear, intrinsic variations from the norm Microtia, Atresia, Otomycosis and Cochlear Implants.

Laryngology is that branch of medication which manages clutters, infections and wounds of the vocal device, particularly the larynx. The track of Laryngology will manage disorders, infections and wounds of the vocal contraption, particularly the larynx. Regular conditions tended to by laryngologists incorporate vocal overlay knobs and blisters, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papilloma’s, and voice abuse/manhandle/abuse disorders. The absolute most regular sickness is because of unnecessary talking, throat clearing, hacking, smoking, shouting, singing, or talking too wildly or too low.

Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue which is the lining of sinuses. Normally, sinus is filled with air, but when sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection. Conditions which may cause sinus blockage include the common cold, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum. In children, common environmental factors that contribute to sinusitis include allergies, illness from other children at day care or school, pacifiers, bottle drinking while lying on one's back, and smoke in the environment. In this tracks we will come across topics such as Acute sinusitis, Antimicrobial resistance profiles of ocular and nasal flora, Sinusheadaches - Causes and treatment & Pediatric sinusitis. Fungal and Bacterial Rhinosinusitis is caused due to microorganisms affecting the nasal membranes. Irresistible Rhinitis or Rhinosinusitis can be dealt with by inoculations while hypersensitive rhinitis can be dealt with by intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines.

Rhinitis is a condition happens because of aggravation and bothering of Mucous layer. The aggravation is caused by the degranulation of pole cells in the nose. Aggravation of mucous layer is caused because of allergens like dust and dander. Rhinitis can be delegated Allergic Rhinitis and non - unfavorably susceptible Rhinitis basing on the causative specialist. Unfavorably susceptible rhinitis is basic in a few nations like United States, of around 10%– 30% grown-ups are influenced every year.

Head, Neck and Oral Oncology envelops all parts of clinical practice, fundamental and translational research on the etiology, pathophysiology, finding, evaluation, administration, development and forecast of patients with head and neck tumors and carotid body tumor. The Head and Neck Surgery track will give the points of interest of cutting edge indicative testing and driving edge medicinal and surgical treatment for the full extent of head and neck conditions. Head and Neck disease is emphatically connected with certain natural and way of life hazard factors, including tobacco smoking, liquor utilization, UV light, specific chemicals utilized as a part of specific work environments, and certain strains of infections, for example, human papillomavirus. These tumors are much of the time forceful in their biologic conduct; patients with these kinds of disease are at a higher danger of building up another growth in the head and neck territory. Head and neck disease is exceedingly treatable if identified early, for the most part through surgery, yet radiation treatment may likewise assume an imperative part, while chemotherapy is regularly incapable. This track talks about Squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Epidemiology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer infections, Carotid body tumor and HNS Oncology.

 Most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway. It is characterized by repetitive episodes of shallow or paused breathing during sleep, despite the effort to breathe, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep. In the most common form this follows loud snoring. There may be a choking or snorting sound as breathing resumes. As it disrupts normal sleep, those affected are often sleepy or tired during the day. In children it may cause problems in school or hyperactivity. There are three forms of sleep apnea, obstructive (OSA), central (CSA), and a combination of the two. OSA is the most common form. Risk factors for OSA include being overweight, a family history of the condition, allergies, and enlarged tonsils. In OSA, breathing is interrupted by a blockage of airflow, while in CSA breathing stops due to a lack of effort to breathe. People with sleep apnea are often not aware they have it. Often it is picked up by a family member. Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep study.

Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear, specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system; it is commonly medication-induced.

Deaf blindness is a combination of sight and hearing loss that affects a person’s ability to communicate, to access all kinds of information, and to get around. Deaf blindness is not just a deaf person who cannot see, or a blind person who cannot hear. The two impairments together increase the effects of each. People of all ages can have a sight or hearing impairment. It may have been from birth, or due to deterioration later in life. But most deaf blind people have some vision and hearing.

According to the American Academy of Audiology, one in three people over the age of 60 experience   some type of age-related hearing loss. In people over the age of 85, this number increases to one in two. Age-related hearing loss is also known as presbycusis. Although age-related hearing loss is not a life-threatening condition, it can have a significant impact on your quality of life if left untreated.

Hyperacusus is a health condition characterized by over-sensitivity to certain frequency and volume ranges of sound, a collapsed tolerance to usual environmental sound. A person with severe hyperacusis has difficulty tolerating everyday sounds, some of which may seem unpleasantly or painfully loud to that person but not to others. It can be acquired because of damage sustained to the hearing apparatus, or inner ear. There is speculation that the efferent portion of the auditory nerve has been affected, efferent meaning fibers that originate in the brain which serve to regulate sounds. This theory suggests that the efferent fibers of the auditory nerve are selectively damaged, while the hair cells that allow the hearing of pure tones in an audiometric evaluation remain intact.

Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a day.

Tinnitus-the perception of sound in the absence of actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus, the noise can be intermittent or continuous, and is very loud. Tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, it does not cause the loss, nor does a hearing loss cause tinnitus. People with tinnitus experience no difficulty hearing, and in a few cases,  they even become so sensitive to sound that they must take steps to muffle or mask external noises. Prolonged exposure to loud sounds is the most common cause of tinnitus. Up to 90% of people with tinnitus have some level of noise-induced hearing loss. The noise causes permanent damage to the sound-sensitive cells of the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear. A single exposure to a sudden extremely loud noise can also cause tinnitus. This track deals some of the most important topic which includes: Chronic sensorineural tinnitus, Tinnitus from sound exposure, Pharmacological treatment and Behavioral treatment, Electrical stimulation and vascular compression of the auditory nerve.

Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people worldwide. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge. During this track we will go through some of the important topics such as Otological transplants and implants, Stapedectomy, Middle ear and brain stem implantable hearing devices and Evidence-Based management of otitis media with effusion

Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a day.